N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, okwu gbasara ihe ndị na-adigide enwetela ike na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya, na-eme ka mmata na-eto eto banyere nsonaazụ gburugburu ebe obibi jikọtara ya na plastik omenala. Ihe ndị nwere ike imebi ndụ apụtala dị ka mgbama nke olile anya, na-etinye ụkpụrụ nke akụ na ụba okirikiri na iji akụrụngwa ọrụ.
1.PHA
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) bụ polymers nke nwere ike imebi ihe nke microorganisms mebere, nke bụ nje bacteria, n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ. Ihe mejupụtara hydroxyalkanoic acid monomers, PHA bụ ihe ama ama maka biodegradability ya, mmeghari ohuru sitere na sugars osisi, yana ihe eji eme ihe. Site na ngwa sitere na nkwakọ ngwaahịa ruo na ngwaọrụ ahụike, PHA na-anọchite anya mgbanwe eco-friendly na-ekwe nkwa maka plastik ọdịnala, n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-eche ihe ịma aka na-aga n'ihu na arụmọrụ ọnụ ahịa yana mmepụta buru ibu.
2.PLA
Polylactic Acid (PLA) bụ ihe na-emebi emebi na bioactive thermoplastic sitere na akụrụngwa enwere ike imeghari dị ka starch ọka ma ọ bụ okpete. N'ịbụ ndị a ma ama maka ọdịdị ihie ụzọ ya na kristal, PLA na-egosipụta ihe eji arụ ọrụ kwesịrị ịja mma. Ejiri ya na ngwa dị iche iche, gụnyere nkwakọ ngwaahịa, textiles, na ngwaọrụ biomedical, PLA na-eme ememe maka ihe ndakọrịta na ikike ya iji belata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi. Dị ka ihe na-adịgide adịgide na plastik omenala, PLA na-ejikọta ya na mmesi ike na-eto eto na ihe ndị eco-friendly na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche. Usoro mmepụta nke polylactic acid enweghị mmetọ na ngwaahịa ahụ bụ ihe na-emebi emebi. Ọ na-aghọta okirikiri na ọdịdị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ polymer ihe.
3.cellulose
Cellulose, nke sitere na mgbidi cell nke osisi, bụ ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe na-enwetawanye mmasị na ụlọ ọrụ nkwakọ ngwaahịa. Dị ka ihe a na-emegharị ọhụrụ na nke bara ụba, cellulose na-enye ihe ọzọ na-adigide karịa ihe nkwakọ ngwaahịa. Ma esitere na pulp osisi, owu, ma ọ bụ ihe fọdụrụ n'ọrụ ugbo, nkwakọ ngwaahịa sitere na cellulose na-enye ọtụtụ uru. Enwere ike ịhazi ụfọdụ usoro ka ọ bụrụ compostable, na-enye aka na mbelata ihe mkpofu gburugburu ebe obibi. E jiri ya tụnyere ihe nkwakọ ngwaahịa ọdịnala, nhọrọ dabere na cellulose na-enwekarị akara ukwu carbon dị ala.
4.PPC
Polypropylene Carbonate (PPC) bụ polymer thermoplastic nke na-ejikọta njirimara nke polypropylene na nke polycarbonate. Ọ bụ ihe dabere na biodegradad na ihe na-emebi emebi, na-enye ihe mgbakwunye enyi na gburugburu ebe obibi na rọba ọdịnala. A na-enweta PPC site na carbon dioxide na propylene oxide, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nhọrọ ọhụrụ na-adigide.Emebere PPC ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-emebi emebi n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, na-enye ya ohere ịkụda n'ime ihe ndị sitere n'okike ka oge na-aga, na-enye aka na mbelata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi.
5.PHB
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) bụ polyester nke nwere biodegradable na nke dabere na ezinụlọ nke polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). A na-emepụta PHB site na microorganisms dị iche iche dị ka ihe nchekwa ike. Ọ bụ ihe ama ama maka biodegradability ya, mmeghari ohuru, na ọdịdị thermoplastic, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ekwe nkwa n'ọchịchọ maka ụzọ ọzọ na-adigide na rọba ọdịnala. PHB bụ ihe dị ndụ n'ime ya, nke pụtara na microorganisms nwere ike imebi ya na gburugburu ebe dị iche iche, na-enye aka na mbelata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi ma e jiri ya tụnyere plastik na-abụghị nke biodegradable.
6. Starch
N'ebe nkwakọ ngwaahịa, starch na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa dị ka ihe na-adịgide adịgide na ihe na-emebi emebi, na-enye ihe ndị ọzọ dị mma na gburugburu ebe obibi na plastik. E sitere na isi ihe ọkụkụ, nkwakọ ngwaahịa starch kwekọrọ na mbọ zuru ụwa ọnụ iji belata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ihe nkwakọ ngwaahịa.
7.PBAT
PBAT bụ polymer na-emebi emebi na compostable nke ezinụlọ nke aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters. Emebere ihe a na-agbanwe agbanwe iji lebara nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi jikọtara ya na plastik ọdịnala, na-enye ihe ọzọ ga-adigide. Enwere ike nweta PBAT site na akụrụngwa enwere ike imeghari, dịka nri nri sitere na osisi. Isi mmalite a nwere ike imeghari dabara na ebumnuche nke ibelata ịdabere na akụrụngwa fosil nwere oke. Ma e mere ya ka biodegrade n'okpuru ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi kpọmkwem. Microorganisms na-akụda polymer n'ime ihe ndị sitere n'okike, na-enye aka na mbelata ihe mkpofu rọba.
Iwebata ihe ndị nwere ike imebi ihe na-egosi mgbanwe dị ukwuu na omume na-adigide na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche. Ihe ndị a, nke sitere na isi mmalite ndị a na-emegharịgharị, nwere ikike ebumpụta ụwa nke ire ere, na-ebelata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọmụmaatụ ndị ama ama gụnyere Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), Polylactic Acid (PLA), na Polypropylene Carbonate (PPC), nke ọ bụla na-enye ihe pụrụ iche dị ka biodegradability, mmeghari ohuru, na ntụgharị. Ịnabata ihe ndị nwere ike imebi ihe na-adaba na ntinye zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme enyi na gburugburu ebe obibi na plastik omenala, na-ekwu maka nchegbu ndị metụtara mmetọ na mmebi akụrụngwa. Ihe ndị a na-achọta ngwa na nkwakọ ngwaahịa, textiles, na ngwaọrụ ahụike, na-enye aka na akụ na ụba okirikiri ebe a na-emepụta ngwaahịa na echiche njedebe nke ndụ ha n'uche. N'agbanyeghị ihe ịma aka ndị dị ka ọnụ ahịa na-arụpụta nnukwu ọnụ ahịa, nyocha na-aga n'ihu na ọganihu nkà na ụzụ na-achọ ịkwalite ike nke ihe ndị nwere ike imebi ihe, na-akwalite ọdịnihu ga-adigide na gburugburu ebe obibi.
Oge nzipu: Dec-07-2023