Ndị hụrụ sịga n'anya ga-amarịrị nkwakọ ngwaahịa cellophane nke mbụ. Ewezuga sịga Cuba tupu 1992, bụ ndị na-enweghị akwụkwọ nkwakọ ngwaahịa, ọtụtụ sịga taa na-etinye n'ihe nkwakọba ihe. Ma gịnị kpọmkwem bụ cellophane na gịnị kpatara o ji ewu ewu?
N'afọ 1910, onye na-ahụ maka ọgwụ na Switzerland bụ Jacques Brandenberger sụrụ ụzọ cellophane nke zutere ụkpụrụ nchekwa nri ma nweta aha ọma na ụlọ ọrụ nkwakọ ngwaahịa swiiti na ngwaahịa ụtaba. A mụrụ ngwugwu sịga mbụ cellophane na Tampa, Florida na 1927, mba ndị ọzọ gbasoro ngwa ngwa. Na Cuba, ruo n'afọ ndị 1990, ọtụtụ ihe nkwakọba sịga bụ nke cellophane. Mbelata nke cellophane taa bụ n'ihi ọnụ ahịa mmepụta ya dị oke elu na ịnweta ihe ndị sịntetik nke sitere na mmanụ ịnweta mmanụ, mana nhazi ya dị mma bụ nhọrọ mbụ maka nkwakọ ngwaahịa sịga.
Mpempe akwụkwọ glazed dị elu na-eguzogide okpomọkụ aghọwo ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ, na-akpata oké ifufe nke "akwụkwọ glazed" na-esi nri na ụlọ ọrụ nri Europe! Akwụkwọ mpempe akwụkwọ na-egbuke egbuke nwere ike ịhụ ozugbo mgbanwe na usoro nri nri, na-ekwe ka onye isi nri gbanwee oge na okpomọkụ n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị, na-ejigide nri na uto nke nri, ma na-enye ndị na-eri nri nri na-enye ume ọhụrụ!
Obụpde akwụkwọ glazed na nnukwu okpomọkụ! Onye isi nri na-eji akwụkwọ nri Italian Carta Fata premium nri nke nwere ike iguzogide oke okpomọkụ nke 230 Celsius ma nwee ike sie ya site na iji ụzọ dị iche iche. A na-ekekọta ihe ọhụrụ dị ka lobster na crabs na ya iji sie nri dị mma, ebe a na-echekwa ịdị ọhụrụ na nri nri nke ihe ndị ahụ. Nke a bụ usoro esi nri ọhụrụ nke enweghị ike ịgbaghara.
Cellophane, nke a makwaara dị ka ihe nkiri cellophane, bụ ihe nkiri dị mkpa nke usoro nrapado mere site na iji eriri eke dị ka pulp owu na osisi pulp dị ka akụrụngwa. Ọ na-apụta ìhè, adịghị egbu egbu, na enweghị isi.
Agbụ nke molekụla nwere ọmarịcha micro permeability, nke na-enye ohere ka ngwaahịa ahụ na-eku ume dị ka akwa site na micropores na eggshell, nke bara ezigbo uru maka nchekwa na ọrụ nke ngwaahịa ahụ; Nguzogide siri ike maka mmanu mmanu, alkaline, na organic solvents; Ọ naghị emepụta ọkụ eletrik kwụ ọtọ ma ọ dịghị etinye onwe ya n'ájá; Emere ya site na eriri eke sitere n'okike, ọ nwere ike ịmịnye mmiri n'ime ihe mkpofu ma mebie ya n'emeghị ka mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi. A na-eji ya dị ka akwụkwọ mkpuchi maka ngwongwo na akwụkwọ nkwakọba ihe ịchọ mma. Ngosipụta ya na-eme ka ime ihe dị n'ime ya pụta ìhè na nlele, ma nweekwa ihe ndị dị ka mmiri na-eguzogide mmiri, enweghị ike, ume iku ume, na mkpuchi okpomọkụ, na-enye nchebe dị mma maka ngwaahịa ahụ. E jiri ya tụnyere ihe nkiri rọba nkịtị, ọ nwere uru dị ka enweghị ọkụ eletrik kwụ ọtọ, mgbochi uzuzu na ịrụ ọrụ ntụgharị dị mma. Iko akwụkwọ nwere ike na-acha ọcha, acha, wdg Enwere ike iji dị ka ọkara permeable akpụkpọ ahụ.
Cellophane na-emezigharị cellulose, ma enwere ume iku ume dị egwu n'etiti ìgwè ndị molekụla ya, nke bara ezigbo uru maka ichekwa ngwongwo. Ọ naghị eguzogide ọkụ kama ọ na-eguzogide okpomọkụ, ọ pụkwara iguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu nke 190 ℃ na-enweghị nrụrụ. Enwere ike iji ya na nkwakọ ngwaahịa nri maka disinfection dị elu yana nri. Na mgbakwunye, dị ka akụrụngwa nke cellophane sitere na okike, ọ nwere ike decomposability
A makwaara dị ka cellulite. Ihe nkiri cellulose emegharịrị nke nwere nghọta dị elu na luster. Enwere mpempe akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ ntanetị. Ọnụ ọgụgụ 30-60g/㎡. Enweghị agba, enwere ike ịcha ya na agba dị iche iche. Akwụkwọ dị nro, na-egbuke egbuke ma dị nro, na-enweghị perforations, ume ume, mmanụ na mmiri na-eguzogide. Isi ike na-agafeghị oke. Ọ nwere ezigbo ike tensile, glossiness, na mbipụta. Usoro mmepụta ihe dị iche na ntinye akwụkwọ na yiri usoro nke silk artificial. ịmụta α- Anụchara anụcha kemịkalụ osisi pulp ma ọ bụ owu linter etisasịwo pulp na elu cellulose ọdịnaya ka a na-eji dị ka akụrụngwa iji kwadebe alkaline cellulose site alkalization (18% sodium hydroxide), ịpị, etipịa, na ndị ọzọ Filiks. Mgbe ịka nká, a na-agbakwunye carbon disulfide na cellulose xanthate na-acha odo odo, nke na-agbaze na sodium hydroxide ngwọta iji mepụta nrapado cellulose oroma. A na-etolite nrapado na okpomọkụ nke 20-30 ℃, na-enyocha ya iji wepụ adịghị ọcha na afụ, wee wepụ ya site na oghere dị warara na igwe na-adọta ihe nkiri. Ọ na-asọba n'ime bath nke sulfuric acid na ngwakọta sodium sulfate iji mepụta ihe nkiri dị mkpa (ihe nkiri cellulose eweghachiri), nke a na-asachaa, desulfurized, bleached, desalinated, na plasticized (glycerol na ethylene glycol, wdg), na n'ikpeazụ akpọnwụwo. imeputa. A na-eji ya maka nkwakọ ngwaahịa dị ka ọgwụ, nri, sịga, textiles, cosmetics, nkenke ngwa, wdg.
Mgbanwe nke esemokwu nke akwụkwọ iko na-emetụta elongation nke ihe nkiri ahụ n'oge usoro mbipụta. N'ime oke ike nke ike, elongation na-abawanye na mmụba nke esemokwu, nke na-eme ka o sie ike iji nweta izi ezi nke mbipụta agba. Enwere ike idozi esemokwu ahụ dabere n'ụdị ihe eji eme ihe na elongation ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na elongation nke ihe nkiri PE dị ntakịrị, uru esemokwu kwesịrị ịdị ntakịrị; Maka akwụkwọ, PET, OPP, na ihe nkiri plastik ndị ọzọ nwere ọnụego mgbasawanye dị ala, enwere ike ịbawanye esemokwu ahụ nke ọma. N'elu ahụ dị nro na enweghị pores, na oyi akwa ink adịghị edozi ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ na-edozighị ya. Mgbe e mechara mbipụta agba nke mbụ, ọ dị mfe ịrapagidesi ike site na ink site na mkpuchi agba na-esote, na-eme ka usoro na ederede ezughị ezu, na-ebute ntụpọ;
Mgbe ejiri ya chịkọta ihe, ọ nwere ike igbochi nchara, iru mmiri, na mmetọ. Mana cellophane nwekwara ihe ndọghachi azụ: ike ogologo ogologo oge, ike ntụgharị dị ala, ike ndọkasị adịghị mma, na ọbụna obere mgbawa nwere ike ịgbaji ngwa ngwa. Akwụkwọ iko nwekwara hydrophilicity, ya mere ọ nwere ike ịmịnye mmiri. Mgbe a bịara na mmiri, ọ na-agbasokarị, na mgbe ọ na-abịa na okpomọkụ, akwụkwọ mpempe akwụkwọ na-adị mfe ejikọta na ngọngọ. Njirimara nke cellophane bụ nghọta dị elu, glossiness siri ike, na agba na-egbuke egbuke mgbe e bipụtachara ihe oyiyi na ederede, nke a na-apụghị inweta site na ihe nkiri plastik; Ntughari obibi akwụkwọ dị mma, na-enweghị ọgwụgwọ ọ bụla tupu ibipụta ya, na akwụkwọ iko nwekwara arụmọrụ ọgwụgwọ mgbochi static, nke na-adịghị adị mfe ịgbasa ájá ma zere mmejọ ibipụta dị ka ihe oyiyi na ịrapara ederede. Otú ọ dị, nguzogide mmiri ya adịghị mma, na ihe nkiri ahụ na-adịkarị mfe nrụrụ n'ihi okpomọkụ na iru mmiri, na-akpata ndebanye aha siri ike nke ihe oyiyi na ederede n'oge mbipụta.
A mụrụ naanị chọkọleti square dị n'ụwa n'ihu ọha. Clara Ritter tụrụ aro imepụta ụdị chọkọletị nwere ike itinye n'ime jaket egwuregwu na-ebelata ibu. Atụmatụ a nwetara ngwa ngwa site n'aka ezinụlọ. Ụdị chọkọletị a ka a na-akpọ “Rhett’s Sports Chocolate” n’ihi na ọ dabara nke ọma na uwe egwuregwu ụmụ nwoke.
Na 1939, ọgba aghara na Waldenburg.
N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ọnụ ọgụgụ mmepụta chocolate ji nwayọọ nwayọọ belata ma kwụsị mmepụta na 1940.
Na 1946, ha lọghachiri!
Ụlọ ọrụ chọkọleti Alfred Ritter na-aga n'ihu na-emepụta candies dị iche iche na-abụghị koko.
Na 1960, merie obere square nke South Germany.
Alfred Otto Ritter ekpebiela itinye uche na azụmahịa ụlọ ọrụ na cubes chocolate. Ọtụtụ ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ dị ka swiiti ezumike, ihe mgbochi chọkọletị ogologo, na chọkọleti agwa oghere na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ kwụsị. Ma guzobe ika nke Ritter Sport nke ọma. N'oge ahụ, a na-ekechi chọkọletị ọhụrụ ahụ n'ime akwụkwọ cellophane nwere agba chocolate, nke ejiri akara Ritter Sport akara na ya.
Na 1970, a gbasaa obere diamonds na Germany dum.
Afọ a bụ ihe dị mkpa maka azụmahịa ezinụlọ a, ebe ọ bụ na ọha German dum mara ya nke ọma. Egwuregwu Ritter na-eweta yogọt ekpomeekpo a na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya - chọkọleti mbụ na Germany nwere yogọt. N'otu oge ahụ, mgbasa ozi telivishọn ndị gbasaruru ná mba ahụ bụkwa nke a na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya na Germany n'oge ahụ. Mgbasa ozi ọgbara ọhụrụ, nke na-atọ ụtọ na nke pụrụ iche, yana okwu na-ada ụda bụ 'Perfect chocolate is square', na-emesi ike dị iche iche nke egwuregwu Ritter.
1) Cellophane
Cellophane bụ ihe nkiri cellulose megharịrị nke ukwuu ma na-egbuke egbuke, nke a na-akpọbu cellophane, nke bụ nsụgharị cellophane nke Bekee. Ọ bụ ụdị akwụkwọ a na-eji eme ihe maka nkwakọ ngwaahịa, nke bụ akụkụ nke akwụkwọ nkwakọ ngwaahịa. Biko mara na e nwekwara okwu a na-akpọ celluloid, nke na-abụghị akwụkwọ, kama plastik nitrocellulose (ihe eji eme bọọlụ tenis). Celluloid bụ nsụgharị Bekee nke celluloid. Agbagharala ha abụọ.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ cellophane n'ozuzu bụ 30-60g / m2. Enwere ụdị akwụkwọ abụọ: akwụkwọ dị larịị na akwụkwọ ntanetị. A na-emekarị mpempe akwụkwọ na-enweghị agba, nke na-egbuke egbuke, na-eji ire ụtọ, na-enweghị perforations, ọ bụghị ume iku ume, ọ bụghị mmanụ na-eme ka ọ dị mma, ọ bụghịkwa mmiri na-asọ oyi; Inwe ogo nke isi ike; Ọ nwere ezigbo ike tensile, glossiness, na mbipụta. Enwere ike ịcha ya na agba dị iche iche (acha uhie uhie, odo odo, wdg).
Cellophane na-emezigharị cellulose, na ọdịiche dị n'etiti ìgwè ndị molekụla ya nwere ume ume dị egwu, nke bara uru maka nchebe na ichekwa ngwaahịa. Ọ bụghị ọkụ na-eguzogide, ma okpomọkụ na-eguzogide ma na-anagide okpomọkụ dị elu nke 190 ℃ na-enweghị nrụrụ. Enwere ike iji ya na nkwakọ ngwaahịa nri maka disinfection dị elu yana nri. N'ihi mmalite okike ya, cellophane nwere ike decomposability na obere mmetụta na gburugburu ebe obibi.
A na-eji akwụkwọ mpempe akwụkwọ eme ihe α- kemịkalụ kemịkalụ kemịkalụ a nụchara anụcha ma ọ bụ linter gbazere pulp nwere ọdịnaya cellulose dị elu, a na-ejikwa alkali cellulose eme ihe site na alkalization (18% sodium hydroxide), ịpị, ịkụpịa, na usoro ndị ọzọ. Mgbe ịka nká, carbon disulfide na-agbakwunye ya na-acha odo odo n'ime cellulose xanthate, nke na-agbaze na sodium hydroxide ngwọta iji mepụta nrapado cellulose oroma. A na-etolite nrapado na okpomọkụ nke 20-30 ℃, na-enyocha ya iji wepụ adịghị ọcha na afụ, wee wepụ ya site na oghere dị warara na igwe na-adọta ihe nkiri. Ọ na-asọba n'ime bath nke sulfuric acid na ngwakọta sodium sulfate iji mepụta ihe nkiri dị mkpa (ihe nkiri cellulose eweghachiri), nke a na-asachaa, desulfurized, bleached, desalinated, na plasticized (glycerol na ethylene glycol, wdg), na n'ikpeazụ akpọnwụwo. imeputa.
2) Akwụkwọ eriri iko
Akwụkwọ eriri iko bụ akwụkwọ mmepụta ihe nke a na-ejikarị dị ka ihe nzacha, ihe na-ada ụda, ihe mkpuchi, ihe mkpuchi ọkụ eletrik, wdg. , na ezigbo nkwụsi ike akụkụ.
Ụdị akwụkwọ a nwere ọdịiche dị iche site na ịme akwụkwọ nkịtị, ebe ọ na-eji eriri iko 100% (nke sitere na silica, nke nwere dayameta nke 0.3-0.5) μ A na-eme ya site na ịkụ ọkụ ọkụ, na-agbakwụnye nrapado, ma ọ bụ na-agbakwunye ụfọdụ osisi osisi kemịkal. na igwe mpempe akwụkwọ ogologo ma ọ bụ igwe akwụkwọ weebụ okirikiri. Ị nwekwara ike ịgbakwunye silicone ma ọ bụ colloidal alumina iji meziwanye ike nke akwụkwọ ahụ.
The mmepụta usoro nke iko eriri akwụkwọ (ma ọ bụ iko eriri ikuku filter akwụkwọ) dịtụ mfe tụnyere izugbe usoro. N'ihi na fiberglass anaghị achọ ịkụ ihe, ọ dị mkpa ka a gbasasịa ya. Ọ dịghịkwa mkpa ịpị mgbe ị na-eme nnomi. Mbelata usoro na ike echekwara.
Usoro eruba bụ dị ka ndị a: fiberglass → dispersion → slurry nchekwa tank → slurry mgbapụta → pre mixing tank → mixing igbe → grit tray na nkwakọ ngwaahịa
Cellophane fim is EN13432 industry compostable and OK home compostable , feel free to discuss via williamchan@yitolibrary.com
Ihe nkiri Cellophane - HuiZhou YITO Packaging Co., Ltd.
Oge nzipu: Sep-22-2023