Mmetọ plastik bụ ihe ịma aka gburugburu ebe obibi nke nchegbu zuru ụwa ọnụ. Mba ndị ọzọ na-aga n'ihu na-akwalite usoro "oke plastik", na-arụsi ọrụ ike nyocha na ịzụlite ma kwalite ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ, na-aga n'ihu na-ewusi nduzi iwu ike, welie mmata nke ụlọ ọrụ na ọha na eze nke mmetọ nke mmetọ plastik ma sonye na mmata nke plastik. njikwa mmetọ, ma kwalite mmepụta akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ibi ndụ.
Gịnị bụ plastic?
Plastics bụ klas nke ihe mejupụtara polymers sịntetik ma ọ bụ ọkara sịntetik dị elu. Enwere ike ịmepụta polymers ndị a site na mmeghachi omume polymerization, ebe monomers nwere ike ịbụ ngwaahịa petrochemical ma ọ bụ ogige sitere n'okike. A na-ekewakarị plastik n'ime thermoplastic na thermosetting abụọ, nke nwere ịdị arọ dị arọ, nkwụsị corrosion, mkpuchi dị mma, plasticity siri ike na njirimara ndị ọzọ. Ụdị plastik a na-ahụkarị gụnyere polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, wdg, nke a na-ejikarị na nkwakọ ngwaahịa, ihe owuwu, ahụike, ngwá electronic na ubi ụgbọala. Otú ọ dị, ebe ọ bụ na plastik siri ike imebi, ojiji ha na-eji ogologo oge na-ebuli mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi na nsogbu nkwado.
Anyị nwere ike ibi ndụ anyị kwa ụbọchị na-enweghị plastik?
Plastics nwere ike banye n'ime akụkụ ọ bụla nke ndụ anyị kwa ụbọchị, ọkachasị n'ihi ọnụ ahịa nrụpụta dị ala yana ịdịte aka ya kacha mma. N'otu oge ahụ, mgbe a na-eji plastik mee ihe na nkwakọ ngwaahịa nri, n'ihi ihe mgbochi ya dị mma na gas na mmiri mmiri, ọ nwere ike ịgbatị ndụ ndụ nke nri nke ọma, belata nsogbu nchekwa nri na mkpofu nri. Nke ahụ pụtara na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ikwe anyị omume ikpochapụ plastik kpamkpam. Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ọtụtụ nhọrọ gburugburu ụwa, dị ka achara, iko, ígwè, ákwà, compostable na biodegradable, a ka nwere ogologo ụzọ iji dochie ha niile.
N'ụzọ dị mwute, anyị agaghị enwe ike machibido plastik kpamkpam ruo mgbe enwere ụzọ ọzọ maka ihe ọ bụla site na ngwa ụlọ na ihe ntinye ọgwụ na karama mmiri na ihe egwuregwu ụmụaka.
Usoro ndị mba n'otu n'otu na-ewere
Ka mmata banyere ihe egwu dị na rọba na-etolite, ọtụtụ mba akwagala machibido akpa rọba na/ma ọ bụ na-ana otu ego iji gbaa ndị mmadụ ume ka ha gbanwee gaa na nhọrọ ndị ọzọ. Dị ka akwụkwọ United Nations na ọtụtụ akụkọ mgbasa ozi si kwuo, mba 77 gburugburu ụwa amachibidola, machibidoro obere akpa ma ọ bụ ụtụ isi nke akpa rọba.
France
Site na Jenụwarị 1, 2023, ụlọ nri nri ngwa ngwa nke French webatara “oke rọba” ọhụrụ - a ga-eji ngwa tebụl nwere ike ijikwa dochie ya. Nke a bụ iwu ọhụrụ na France iji gbochie iji ngwaahịa plastik na ebe a na-eri nri mgbe amachibidoro iji igbe nkwakọ ngwaahịa plastik na mmachibido nke inye ahịhịa rọba.
Thailand
Thailand amachibidoro ngwaahịa rọba dị ka microbeads rọba na plastik na-emebi emebi na njedebe nke 2019, kwụsịrị iji akpa rọba dị arọ nke na-erughị micron 36, ahịhịa rọba, igbe nri styrofoam, iko plastik, wdg, wee mezuo ebumnuche ahụ. nke 100% imegharị ihe mkpofu plastik site na 2027. Na njedebe nke Nọvemba 2019, Thailand kwadoro atụmatụ "mmachibido plastik" nke Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment tụrụ aro, machibido nnukwu ụlọ ahịa na ụlọ ahịa dị mma site na ịnye akpa rọba nke a na-ewepụ site na January 1, 2020.
Germany
Na Germany, karama ihe ọṅụṅụ plastik ga-eji 100% plastik emeghari ohuru n'ọnọdụ a ma ama, bisikiiti, nri nri, pasta na akpa nri ndị ọzọ amalitela iji ọtụtụ plastik emeghari ohuru, na ọbụna n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe, nkwakọ ngwaahịa ihe nkiri. , igbe rọba na pallets maka nnyefe, na-ejikwa plastik emeghari ohuru. Ọganihu na-aga n'ihu nke imegharị plastik na Germany metụtara mmụba na-ewu ewu nke echiche nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi yana imechi iwu nkwakọ ngwaahịa ngwaahịa na Germany na European Union. Usoro a na-eme ngwa ngwa n'etiti ọnụ ahịa ike dị elu. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Germany na-agbalị ịkwalite "oke plastik" n'ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa, na-akwado mmejuputa nkwakọ ngwaahịa a na-ejikarị eme ihe, na-agbasawanye àgwà dị elu nke mechiri emechi, na ịtọ ihe ngosi ihe eji emegharị ihe maka nkwakọ ngwaahịa rọba. Ntugharị Germany na-aghọ ọkọlọtọ dị mkpa na EU.
China
N'ihe dị ka afọ 2008, China mebere "usoro ịgba plastik", nke machibidoro mmepụta, ire na iji akpa ịzụ ahịa plastik nwere ọkpụrụkpụ nke na-erughị 0.025 mm na mba niile, na ụlọ ahịa niile, nnukwu ụlọ ahịa, ahịa ahịa na ebe ndị ọzọ na-ere ahịa. A naghị ekwe ka ịnye akpa ịzụ ahịa rọba n'efu.
Kedu ka esi eme ya nke ọma?
A bịa na 'Otu esi eme ya nke ọma', nke ahụ dabere n'ezie na nkuchi nke mba na gọọmentị ha. Nhọrọ plastik na usoro iji belata iji plastik ma ọ bụ ịbawanye compote dị mma, agbanyeghị, ha chọrọ ịzụrụ n'aka ndị mmadụ ka ha rụọ ọrụ.
N'ikpeazụ, atụmatụ ọ bụla nke na-anọchi plastik, machibido ụfọdụ plastik dị ka otu iji ya eme ihe, na-akwado imegharị ma ọ bụ composting ma na-achọ ụzọ ọzọ iji belata plastik ga-atụnye aka na mma.
Oge nzipu: Dec-12-2023